Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition that presents in various ways—irregular periods, hormonal acne, or unexpected weight gain are just a few examples. Diagnosing PCOS isn’t always straightforward, which is why testing is crucial. It not only confirms the diagnosis but also helps rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

What is PCOS, and How is it Diagnosed?

PCOS affects how the ovaries function, often leading to hormonal imbalances. To diagnose it, doctors use the Rotterdam Criteria, which define three main features of the condition. Meeting at least two of these is required for a diagnosis:

1. Irregular or Missing Periods
   This signals ovulatory dysfunction, where the body doesn’t release eggs regularly. Symptoms may include long cycles (over 35 days), very light periods, or no periods at all.
   
   
2. Signs of High Male Hormones (Androgens)
   Elevated androgens can show up as acne, unwanted facial or body hair, or hair thinning on the scalp. Blood tests can confirm these levels.
   
   
3. Polycystic Ovaries on an Ultrasound
   This doesn’t mean ovarian cysts. Instead, it refers to multiple small, immature follicles seen on an ultrasound. These follicles indicate disrupted ovarian function but are not harmful on their own.
   
   

Why Testing Matters

While some doctors might diagnose PCOS based on symptoms alone, thorough testing ensures accuracy and helps create a more effective care plan.

Ruling Out Similar Conditions
Irregular periods, weight gain, or acne can also be caused by other conditions, such as:

1. Thyroid Disorders: Low thyroid function can mimic PCOS symptoms like fatigue and weight changes.
2. High Prolactin Levels: Elevated prolactin disrupts menstrual cycles and can present symptoms similar to PCOS.
   
   

Understanding Your Unique PCOS Profile
No two cases of PCOS are identical. Testing helps uncover the underlying causes of your symptoms, whether they stem from insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, or other factors.

Mapping Your PCOS Profile: Insights From Testing

Testing provides a clearer understanding of the factors contributing to your symptoms. This includes:

• Insulin Resistance:
  A common feature of PCOS, insulin resistance occurs when your body struggles to use insulin efficiently. It can contribute to weight gain, fatigue, and irregular periods. Addressing it can significantly improve symptoms.
  
  
• Hormonal Imbalances:
  Elevated androgens (male hormones) can lead to acne, unwanted hair growth, or hair thinning. Low progesterone during certain phases of the menstrual cycle can cause fertility issues. Testing these levels helps tailor treatments to restore hormonal balance.
  
  
• Less commonly, inflammation:
  Low-grade inflammation in PCOS refers to a mild, ongoing activation of the immune system caused by insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and fat tissue changes. Addressing this can improve ovarian function and manage risks for metabolic and cardiovascular issues.
  
  

Tests We Offer at Taylor

At Taylor, we prioritise thorough, evidence-based testing to uncover the factors driving your symptoms.

1. Blood Tests

These assess hormone levels and metabolic health:

• AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone): Indicates the number of immature follicles in your ovaries, often higher in PCOS.
• FSH and LH (Follicle-Stimulating and Luteinising Hormones): PCOS is often linked to a higher LH-to-FSH ratio, which can impact ovarian function.
• Estradiol (E2): Provides insight into ovarian activity and function.
• Testosterone and DHEA-S: Elevated levels of these male hormones may explain symptoms like acne or unwanted hair growth.
• Insulin, HbA1c, and Fasting Glucose: These tests detect insulin resistance, a hallmark of PCOS.
• Prolactin Levels: Elevated prolactin can disrupt menstrual cycles and mimic PCOS symptoms.
• Thyroid Function Tests: These assess thyroid activity, ruling out conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism that can resemble PCOS.

2. Pelvic Ultrasound

A painless scan evaluates your ovaries for multiple small follicles and checks overall ovarian and uterine health. It confirms polycystic ovaries and helps rule out other conditions.

You can book a Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome screening or a pelvic ultrasound scan with Taylor easily in just a few steps.

Why Diagnosing PCOS Early Matters

Recognising and addressing PCOS early can have a significant impact on your health and quality of life. Here’s why early diagnosis is so important:

1. Protect Your Uterine Health
   Irregular or absent periods can cause the uterine lining to thicken more than it should, a condition called endometrial hyperplasia. Left untreated, this can lead to more serious complications, even cancer. Early diagnosis helps regulate your cycles, reducing this risk.
   ‍
2. Take Control of Symptoms
   Symptoms like acne, unwanted hair growth, or irregular periods can affect how you feel every day. Understanding your condition means you can start treatments or make changes that manage these symptoms effectively.
   ‍
3. Reduce Long-Term Health Risks
   PCOS is linked to higher risks of conditions like diabetes and heart disease. Catching it early gives you the chance to address issues like insulin resistance or inflammation before they become bigger health concerns.
   ‍
4. Plan for Fertility (If You Want to)
   PCOS can affect ovulation, making it harder to conceive. Early diagnosis allows you to explore options to support your fertility if starting a family is part of your plans. Learn more about the effects of PCOS on pregnancy here.
   ‍
5. Support Your Mental Health
   PCOS doesn’t just affect your body—it can impact your mood, energy, and self-esteem. Early diagnosis helps you better understand what’s going on, making it easier to find the right support and feel more in control.

What’s Next After Testing?

Once your results are ready, you’ll have a clear understanding of your PCOS profile. This knowledge allows for a care plan tailored to your needs, which may include:

• Regulating hormonal imbalances to improve symptoms like acne or irregular periods.
• Addressing insulin resistance through targeted interventions.
• Managing low-grade inflammation to support overall health and hormonal balance.

With a personalised plan, you can take control of your symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Takeaway

PCOS is a complex condition, and comprehensive testing is a crucial first step in identifying PCOS and addressing its root causes.

If you’re experiencing symptoms like irregular periods, hormonal acne, or weight changes, book a Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome screening or a pelvic ultrasound scan with Taylor today.